Online hotel reservation system Essay Example for Free

Online hotel reservation system Essay 1.0 INTRODUCTION The main purpose that banks have been serving since their inception iskeeping our money safe for us. While keeping our money safe, they also letus earn a certain amount of interest on the money deposited with them. Traditional banks have been doing this, and internet banks continue thesame function. The only difference is in the way the transactions are made.We all know about internet banking and most of us use it quite often as well,but few of us actually understand about the history of internet banking andhow it all came out. Knowing the history of internet banking can be incrediblyuseful, especially since it will allow us to have more respect for the littlethings that we take for granted.Computers themselves have really come an enormous way since their initialestablishment, as the earliest electronic computers were so large that theywould take up the entire area of a room, while today some are so small thatthey can hardly be seen at all.In todays world, computers play an incredibly large role in the way the worldexists in general, and the majority of tasks could actually not be completed if not for the use of computers. Although there are certainly some areas and jobs that cannot yet be completed solely by computers and which thus stillrequire actual manpower, for the most part, computers have helped to makelife significantly easier, productive, and more convenient for us all.Internet banking has been around for quite a few years now, but has reallyonly become prominent over the past year or so in particular. Internetbanking offers an array of different advantages to the user, including: account balances and history including year-to-date information, the abilityto transfer money from one account to another and to payees for billpayments, check history, reorders, and stop payments, check credit cardbalances and statements, complete online loan applications, secureinteractive messaging with staff, and much more.Internet banking basically allows you to be able to do everything that youcan in your regular banking institution, only with the benefit that you can doit all right from the convenience of you r own home. Not only is this greatbecause you can be comfortable and have peace of mind knowing that youcan keep track yourself of all your banking  issues, but as well it allows formore ease because you never have to worry about rushing out and making itto the bank. 1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM With the problems and limitations associated with manual bankingprocedures as witnessed in most parastatals today, complied with theproblems associated with the existing application programs even much morein the presence of serious technological advances aimed at improvinginformation system. This is activities aimed at shedding light upon the needfor improvement in accounting activities and the means of achieving itsefficiency, effectiveness, reliability and success promising future throughcomputer intervention.Internet banking identifies a particular set of technological solutions for thedevelopment and the distribution of financial services, which rely upon theopen architecture of the Internet. With the implementation of an Internetbanking system, the banks maintain a direct relationship with the end usersvia the web and are able to provide a personal characterization to theinterface, by offering additional customised services. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of this project is to develop a secured online banking system withthe following objectives: Create a banking system that is easily accessible by customers fromthe comfort of their homes, offices etc. Reduce the flow of human traffic and long queues at banks Reduce the time wasted in going to banks to stay on queues. Promote efficient and effective banking for the banks by focusing onthose services that still require physical presence at the banking hall. 1.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY This will cover the benefits derived in using internet banking and it’sfundamental. 1.3.1 ONLINE BANKING – HOW IS IT DIFFERENT? Many consumers today are turning to the ease and convenience of Internetbanking to take care of their financial needs. With the new levels of accessmade possible by the Internet, people can now check the status of theirfinances with the click of a button. The history of Internet banking has evolved from simply allowing  customersto check balances online, to now being able to trade stocks and bonds fromthe comfort of their own home 1.3.2 WHY USE ONLINE BANKING? Online banking services have grown from simply allowing customers to checkbalances, to trading assets. Today, banks like ING Direct are functioningentirely online, with no brick and mortar building. With the costs saved byrequiring fewer employees and the lack of facility expenses, these virtualbanks can often offer higher interest rates than their traditional counterparts.Internet banking gives you the power to control your finances completely. You are no longer tied down to managing your money during the hours thebank is open. If you want to transfer a balance after business hours, you can!If you have access to the Internet and have a number of recurring monthlybills, then you should use Internet banking to make your life easier. 1.3.3 FEATURES OF ONLINE BANKING Today, online banking services are quite varied. One of the best features of online banking is putting the user in control. The user controls all bill paying,transfers, and investments from home. There are other features, though of online banking. One of these is increasedaccessibility to your account information. Users of online banking servicescan access their account information from anywhere in the world! This isparticularly helpful for businesses. Internet business banking is becomingincreasingly popular, as businesses are becoming more global in their reach.Now business people can access their accounts, even when on overseasbusiness trips. Business Internet banking is extremely popular for thisreason.A particularly popular aspect of online banking services is the ability to makebill payments electronically. With a minimum degree of set-up, customerscan enter the amounts of their paper bills (or opt to receive electronic bills)and process all their payments at one time, from one screen 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of this project is limited to the activities of the operations unit of the banking system which include opening of Account, Deposit of funds,Withdrawal of funds and transfer. 1.5 METHODOLOGY This project employs the object oriented approach of software engineeringusing appropriate (UML TOOLS) an object oriented approach. Some of thesteps to be taken are: Feasibility study – understanding and identifying of existing system andassociated study. Analysis – proper analysis and suggested solution to tackle suchproblems will be considered. Design – designing the new system will be achieved through an objectoriented software tools (UML). Coding – this is implemented as a 3tier architecture model using javalanguage. The 3 layers of the application are as follows.1, Java server pages / html pages – front end2, Java server pages / servlets – middle end3, SQL server as the back-end 1.6 MODE OF OPERATION WEBTRUST will contain self explanatory hyperlinks that customers can clickto make any request or perform a task. If a customer clicks on account opening links, he is taken to page where hefills a form and clicks the submit button if he is through. A successful filling of the form gives a response that confirms the customer account is open andactivated. Thus such a customer can receive money into such an accountthrough funds transfer. Account details are sent by the bank to thecustomer’s email box.Registered customers or Account holders of the bank can now login using theaccount details posted to their email box to login before they can performfinancial transactions. The system is secured such you cannot operateanother mans account even if you knew his account details because a newtransaction number is always sent to a customer for each login. Thistransaction number is what will be used to authenticate any transaction pertime CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW The emergence of electronic commerce over the past decade has radicallytransformed the economic landscape. For developing countries, the digitalrevolution offers unprecedented opportunities for economic growth anddevelopment, a case study of Pakistan. 2.1 DEFINING E-BANKING / ONLINE BANKING â€Å"In the 21st century there will be a lot of banking, but there will be no banks.â€Å"Says Bill Gates. The term online banking or internet banking  covers both computer andtelephone banking. Using computer banking, a customer either uses hiscomputer to dials directly into its banks computer or gains access to thebank’s computer over the internet. Using telephone banking, the customercan controls its bank accounts by giving the bank instructions over thetelephone. Both computer and telephone banking involve the use of passwords which give access to the customer’s accounts.Using these methods, banking transactions can be actioned 24 hours a day. Online banking allows the person, for instance, to view recent transactions,print out statements and transfer funds between accounts and makepayments.Many banks also have the facility for someone to set up, amend or cancelstanding orders. Internet banking also allows payments to be made to thecustomer, i.e. acceptance of credit card donations. Most people that usenternet banking will also continue to use some of the elements of moretraditional methods of banking, such as a cheque book.. 2.2 E-BANKING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Just like Internet infrastructure, E-Banking in developing countries is at earlystages; however there are some exceptions where countries like: Brazil have 75% of enterprises, excluding micro-enterprises using theInternet for banking in 2005. Morocco (34.9%). (United Nations Conference on Trade andDevelopment, 2006), There is an increasing growth of online banking, indicating a promisingfuture for online banking in these countries. In China, while banks issue credit cards and while many use debitcards to draw directly from their respective bank accounts, very fewpeople use their credit cards for online payment. Cash-on-delivery isstill the most popular mode of e-commerce payment. Nonetheless,online payment is gaining popularity because of the emergence of China pay and Cyber Beijing, which offer a city-wide online paymentsystem. (Zorayda Ruth B. Andam, 2003).

Antigone :: Free Essay Writer

Antigone The characters in the play Antigone all suffer a downfall of some sort. The major characters suffer the most, though. In this short essay, I will document on how the two main characters, Creon and Antigone, both inevitably become tragic heroes. The first example that I observed in Antigone was her self-righteous plight to bury her brother. She believes that what she is doing is right, and that she will do it no matter what the consequences, because he was her brother, her blood. This establishes the first part of a tragic hero, the part about doing something for the good of someone else, rather for than the greater glory of doing it. The first impression that Creon made upon me was his stern, ironclad manner and ethical code. When the reader is first introduced to Creon, his or her first impression is that Creon will eventually die, as the villain does in nearly any play, movie, novel, etc. But in actuality, Creon suffers the most of all, losing his one key to immortality, his son. I ruled out that Antigone probably was a tragic hero to a lesser extent, however, when she started to question her actions. A real hero of any sort always does what they think is right. Since Creon still hadn't changed his mind at that point, I was perplexed on who would become the one who regretted their actions later, and was eventually going to experience a catharsis. Haimon was the "silent" tragic hero of the play, suffering at the hands of his strict father. Haimon remained loyal up to a certain point, until the question of whether Creon's decision was possibly the right one. Haimon established himself as a tragic hero when he tried to kill Creon in revenge for Antigone's suicide. Haimon not only lost Antigone's love, he lost his life. Earlier, I mentioned Antigone's self-righteousness. Creon had an egotistical point of view as well. Antigone thought at first that her actions were justified and righteous when it came to the question of morals and ethics. Creon was not at all different, believing that his way was the "right" way, or the way the "Gods" would have chosen. Both realized the mistake they made, and regretted it later, when it was too late. Creon certainly suffered the most, losing three of his immediate family, the unmentioned being his wife. But to say that Creon is the only tragic hero in the play is extremely naive and shortsighted.

Rei Sustainability Case

To: Council of Executive Vice Presidents Date: 1th of November, 2012 From: Anders F? dder Subject: Evaluation of REI’s sustainability goals I am writing in response to your inquiry regarding the plausibility of maintaining the continuous growth of the company as well as satisfying its sustainability goals. The following sections will address the three issues, mentioned by top management, by first describing them, then interpreting them and lastly they will be evaluated.Conclusion and recommendations will be based on this. REI focus greatly on the impact that their business has on the environment. They continuously work on finding new and innovative solution that will help reduce these negative effects. Their corporate mission emphasises this commitment: â€Å"At REI, we inspire, educate and outfit for a lifetime of outdoor adventure and stewardship† REI’s stewardship priorities: * Encourage the active conservation of nature Inspire the responsible use and enjoyme nt of the outdoors * Enhance the natural world and our communities through responsible business practices * Foster opportunities to increase participation in human-powered outdoor recreation * Maintain REI as an employer of choice, where employees are highly engaged in the vision of the company and are representative of our communities The CEO, Kevin Hagen, also stated that these financial and environmental goals and aspiration must be met without sacrificing either. Hagen advocated shifting to a framework of â€Å"no tradeoffs† thus making a paradigm shift; Innovation over compromise.Issue 1 First issue is whether the company’s stated sustainability goals and aspirations are consistent with its corporate mission and its stated stewardship objectives that are listed above. REI sustainability goals focus on three areas; energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission (carbon footprint) and reduction of waster to landfills. The company plans to add water, toxics, land use an d social impact to this list in near future. Each of these areas has an aspiration for 2020, a goal for 2015 and a budget for the current year. Energy consumptionREI has taken different initiatives to increase their energy efficiency by switching to new renewable power sources wherever possible. They mission is to keep their energy consumption at a fixed level despite opening new stores. One the ways they do this is by investing in self-generation options such as solar technology. Their ways of managing their energy use and increasing efficiency include: * Solar technology in many of our stores * Lighting: * Elimination of all incandescent bulbs from our retail stores * Installation of highly energy-efficient bulbs and fixtures * Greater reliance on skylights and natural lighting Heating & cooling (HVAC): * Aggressive retrofitting and replacement of outdated HVAC equipment with sophisticated new models * Centralized monitoring * Energy-saving techniques such as on-demand ventilation and airflow * Measurement of our stores' energy efficiency against similar buildings nationwide with the ENERGY STAR benchmarking tool Greenhouse gas emission (GHG) The aspiration for 2020 concerning GHG was to be climate neutral. Their goal for 2015 was to cut GHG by 50 percent compared to 2010 emissions. The budget for each year was a specific target in tons of CO2 that was defined by the 2015 goal.REI looked at many aspects of their business in order to reach this goal. These were not limited by their own specific action within REI. They look beyond themselves and try to change the way their employees and suppliers act to. The list include: employee commuting and travel, travel by customers participating in REI Adventures programs from their homes to the site of program, transportation of products from vendors to the company and shipments to customers. However, they have not included customer transportation to and from the stores.REI provides meaningful incentives for their empl oyees to reduce the environmental impacts of commuting and corporate travel. These include: * A 50 percent transit subsidy * Showers and secure bike storage at every REI facility * Telecommuting options at our headquarters location * Web conferencing and other technology tools In 2011, REI partnered with The Nature Conservancy to implement an afforestation project on the Bayou Bartholomew property in Louisiana, which will restore forest continuity with the adjacent Chemin-a-Haut State Park.Funding provided voluntarily by REI Adventures will finance the future retirement of carbon offsets from this project. Through this effort, REI supported The Nature Conservancy's restoration of this forest ecosystem, as well as the design of a carbon project. This carbon project has been validated and registered through a credible third-party certification system (the Verified Carbon Standard). The effort will contribute to long-term systemic change, benefitting the atmosphere and the forest ecosy stem, and has been designed to produce verifiable carbon offsets in the future.Though REI would seek new and innovative solutions to all aspects within the company, there is at least one were they could only offset rather than reduce. REI’s largest source of GHG emissions was REI Adventures which generated 31 percent of its total, namely flying members to adventure destinations. This exception was dealt with by purchasing carbon offsets as a part of the travel package, paid by REI. Reduction of waste to landfills REI aspiration for 2020 was to have no waste to landfills and cut waste to landfills by half between 2010 and 2015.In order to achieve this, they strive to make their packaging shipping operations as efficient as possible. They work with vendors, shipping companies and industry colleagues to pioneer new approaches to this complex situation. One example of this is how they reinvented the way bicycles were packaged and shipped. The bikes, shipped in cardboard boxes fro m china, was packaged in parts and assembled at one location in the US from where they were sent to the stores. The extensive packing, taped and stapled together, held the parts and assembled bikes securely but was difficult to assemble and disassemble.REI revised this process in way that allowed them to reuse the carton over and over again. Essentially, the same cartons that was used from the manufacturer in China, was used throughout the supply chain and returned to China, to once again be use. Thereby recycling all the materials rather than sending it to landfills. This decreased the cardboard consumption by more than 60 percent. Additionally they saved more than $1 million in annual labour hours due to reduced time required to pack and unpack bikes. Recap REI saw a rise in its net carbon impact during 2010.But the increase was smaller than overall company growth during the year, as measured by sales. Overall, the company used 2. 4% less energy in its facilities, despite adding f our new stores and relocating two retail locations to larger spaces. Other sustainability efforts include purchasing 58. 4% Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified paper fiber, and recycling 74% of total operational waste, including more than 95% at REI’s two distribution centers. Community efforts included 109,785 volunteer hours committed through 541 REI-hosted conservation projects to plant trees, restore trails, and clean parks and streams.The company also funded $3. 7 million in grants provided to 330 nonprofit partners with a focus on conservation and outdoor recreation. However, REI is transferring renewable energy certificates generated by their solar panels. Since they do not claim credit for reducing carbon when doing so, this is creating a problem in terms of reaching carbon zero. A challenge they must overcome if they intend to reach their aspirations. REI could further reduce their GHG by reevaluating the use of New Zealand as a destination. Many locations on North American (e. g.Alaska, Canada, and the Rocky Mountains) continent have similar location to offer, and seeing that New Zealand is half away around the world, this could be an effective substitution. Exhibit three displays the progress of reaching the 2015 goals. Is shows the actual status of all three areas in e. g. the first quarter of 2011, the plan for 2011, the trajectory for 2015 and the goal for 2015. Though the trajectories for 2015 for all three are above the goal, one can see from the actual status for 2011, that they are all fairly close if not under the plan for the same year.So despite the gloom trajectory for 2015 REI is indeed on the right path. Issue 2 The second issue was identifying the potential risks with REI adopting the â€Å"No Trade-offs† approach articulated by the corporate social responsibility group, seen from a managerial performance measurement perspective. The â€Å"No trade-offs† approach presents several risks. It can prove be expen sive, not only in the solutions required to fulfil but also the hours it take to reach them. As the CEO aspires innovation over comprise, the employees will always have to look for new ways of performing tasks.This takes time and time is money. This is also a very black and white approach leaving none or very little wiggle room. The employees need to stay within the parameters and in some cases they might be looking for solutions that are simply not there. Again, this is time consuming and will undoubtedly make REI miss out on additional earnings lost by looking in other fixed directions. REI has set the bar high and this might also have a negative effect on the people working to find the solutions. If the goals seem too impossible, it might demotivate rather than inspire thus lowering the morale among the workforce.However, by setting a more reasonable goal for 2015 this is somewhat counteracted. Recap So there are several risks by the â€Å"No trade-off† approach, but REI s eems to get around them. The company is still growing and still finding ways to lower their influence on the environment. The Workplace section also notes that REI has been included on Fortune magazine’s â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for† list for 14 consecutive years. The company has a 79% employee retention rate. Issue 3 The third issue was to evaluate the validity of the company’s approach to measuring its carbon emission.The goals for environmental sustainability were set by the office of CEO. They were included in the company’s non-financial KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). The CSR group is tasked to carry them out, however they also make the recommendation to the office of the CEO on which the goals are based. This could create internal problematic situation as it is the same people who make the recommendations for the goals as well as carrying them, though some tasks are overseen by other departments than CSR.However, REI take a comprehensive view of their environmental impact using a framework that reflects the work of the Outdoor Industry Association’s Eco Working Group. They have established key performance metrics for e. g. the three before mentioned areas, and in 2011, they implemented measurement and reporting tools that enables them to forecast, budget and review their progress in these areas. These metrics tie directly into strategic and financial planning for key REI divisions, and results are assessed quarterly by company leadership.REI also became a member of bluesign technologies in 2008. The program requires tight manufacturing controls in mills and factories in order to be certified. This approach will provide greater supply chain transparency in support of REI's goal of reducing the environmental impact of its products. The transparency will also allow them to make a more precise assessment of their impact, as they will have greater access to their suppliers’ information regarding manufacturi ng. Recap Based on this I deem the validity of the company’s approach to measuring its carbon emission as high.

The European Theater Of World War II - 1745 Words

In the European theater of World War II, 1942 marked the dominance of the Axis powers. German forces in the Soviet Union had reached Stalingrad and threatened the oil fields of the Caucasus; Axis forces in Africa seemed on the verge of pushing the British out of Egypt; and German U-boat wolf packs preyed on Allied shipping with relative impunity [1]. Late in 1942, however, two significant Allied successes served to turn the tide against the Axis powers. At El Alamein, a British offensive defeated General Erwin Rommel’s Afrika Korps, while almost simultaneously a huge Anglo-American force landed in North Africa to contest Axis control; Operation Torch. The operation marked the first time that British and American forces worked together on†¦show more content†¦Both the Axis and Allies saw overseas French forces as the decisive advantage that would allow them to achieve their differing objectives in the Mediterranean. In North Africa, General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel and his Afrika Korps, allied with the weak Italian army, had pushed the British eastward into capturing the Western Desert area of Libya and Alexandria, Egypt [9]. The British Eighth Army was still a viable force in Egypt, but had been on the defensive for some time and would not regain the initiative until late 1942, with the British victory at El Alamein, immediately prior to the Torch landings [9]. Strategic negotiations between U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill led to an agreement to send American troops to North Africa in late 1942 to strengthen British interests in the Mediterranean, and open a second front to take pressure off Russia on the Eastern Front. In return, the British would further American plans to defeat Hitler in Europe by supporting a major cross-Channel attack [4]. Inception of Operation Torch: In 1942, having been persuaded of the impracticality of launching an invasion of France as a second front, American commanders agreed to conduct landings in northwest Africa with the goal of clearing the continent of Axis troops and preparing the way for a future attack on southern Europe. Intending to land inShow MoreRelatedWar I And World War II771 Words   |  4 Pagessought to stay out of both World War I and World War II only to be pulled in by intense happenings that inflicted chaos on the nations people. World War II would be a time in American history that would bring many fresh war tactics and developments, that helped to pull a depraved nation from the depths of a depression as well as pledge the freedom and prosperity of its opposing nations. Dangerous discoveries will be made in the world would be left to be governed by two world powers. Hoping to remainRead MoreSpenser Larson. Katelyn Osterman. 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